This may have been answered by others, so apologies if it has, but I’ve been skimming the last ten pages and seen one or two people asking about adoption from birth.
Adoption from birth in this country when the parents are still alive is basically illegal without being illegal.
For children taken into care at birth there are two options: 1) they go into foster care or 2) they go into foster care through the foster to adopt scheme.
The first option is when SS aren’t clear if the child will be put up for adoption in the end, often they are though. SS will firstly try and find a placement for the child with a relative (grandparent, aunt, uncle etc). As a last resort if no family can be found to look after the child, the child will then end up in the care system. For a child going through option 1 they can often have 3/4/5 foster families before the age of two. It’s very disruptive to the child. Some of these children end up being placed for adoption anyway. Some of them end up spending their whole childhoods bouncing from one foster family to another.
The second option is where SS are fairly certain, but obviously never 100% certain, that the child will be put forward for adoption. This option is a lot rarer but becoming more prevalent because it is generally seen as much better for the child if SS are pretty damn sure that the child will be taken entirely from their parents and adopted.
Essentially with foster to adopt, perspective adoptees also become registered as foster carers and for the first year/year and a half of the child’s life they are the child’s foster parent not the child parent. During that year, the parents are given the opportunity to change their circumstances for the better, and to meet certain conditions in order to get custody back of their child. This includes weekly contact sessions with the child.
The reason foster to adopt exists in this country now is because research shows that children who are adopted at birth fair better than those who are adopted when they’re 1 or 2 upwards, as the first year of life is incredibly important for children feeling safe and trusting that they will be looked after. The first year of life is being found to be increasingly more and more important so it’s a way of limiting the impacts of adoption, which is always traumatic for the child.
The court proceedings to adopt a child take months and months. Everyone involved understands the gravity of the situation and it’s never a decision taken lightly.
Some of the reasons a child might be taken from birth and put through the foster to adopt scheme:
- drug abuse
- severe mental health issues where parents are a risk to themselves and the child
- domestic abuse
- previous offences against children (child abuse)
- history of child neglect (leaving children on their own, not providing the basics of food water etc).
- sexual assault
- learning difficulties which means the parents do not have the mental capacity to look after the child
- the child is relinquished. This is really rare nowadays but obviously if the mother is adamant they do not want the child SS cannot force them to, and these children are placed in foster to adopt schemes.