I really hope you are a teacher as this is the BEST (and simplest) explanation of viruses/vaccines I have ever heard!!! I have very little (no) knoelwdge of science at any level (as will become obvious in my question) I don't know if this makes sense/you or anyone could answer, but you mentioned the whole "y" shape thing of a disease, does this have any bearing on why covid is difficult to treat, as it is that weird "crown "shape?
No such thing as a stupid question!
If you think of coronaviruses (like Covid) as balls with a "crown" of spikes all overlike a dryer ball
or a spiky egg, but the yolk is a gooey blob of pure evil its quite a common shape for viruses to take. the coronavirus family has thousands of utterly horrid cousins including SARS and lots of common colds.***
The Y shaped antibodies our body makes are going to be latching onto those spikes and just hanging off them. Loads of them on each 'ball' covering it, so it makes it very obvious that "this thing does not belong here, he is not one of us & he will never be one of us" when the cells see it.
Lots of our cells rely on sending messages to each other (usually using little proteins or something else to carry a "message" and pinging these round the body like pinball) so they have little shallow "receptor" grooves to receive these messages, that the proteins slot into comfortably.
Like a peg into a hole, it's also those spikes that a coronavirus uses to slot itself onto some of our cells through these receptor bits. Say you have a virus with spikes that are square at the end, and that virus spots a cell with a square groove.(vast oversimplification but this is the limits of my knowledge)
The virus goes "
hello it is me, a 100% genuine and real protein from this body, and I have a message for you from a nigerian prince" it fits the end of its spike into that little square groove but then it just keeps pushing, punctures its way into the cell and starts injecting the Bad
tit it contains through the spikes into the cell.
If the virus is covered in antibodies its:
1/usually harder to actually fit the spikes onto the receptors cause the antibodies are blocking it
and
2/well, a bit of a red flag
so the cell is like "uh, actually..." and a lot less of them can bind to your body. They float around a bit not actually doing anything much, until a type of white blood cell comes along, sees its covered in antibodies and goes
"oooh im allowed to eat that!" literally swallowing it whole and then melting it with acid, how hardcore is that??
***not relevant but if you google "what does a pollen molecule look like" you may see why some less discerning immune systems absolutely lose their
tit at the sight of them and give us hay-fever by massively overreacting going "quick get it out GET IT OUT" and trying to make us cry/sneeze the molecules out.