I think they were all (other than John and Kevin) both a bit victim and enabler.
As one of these people who is still trying to wrap her head around her time there, I think there is a lot to support this view of yours.
I tried to post the link to a video I came across in a Narcissistic Abuse Survivor group on Facebook, but I guess Tattle doesn’t support that. Instead, I’ll just type the information here because while it is simplified to create hit and run content, it was still helpful in explaining how both the abused and the abuser feed the toxicity of trauma bonding and why.
Again, I’m not excusing any behavior or poor life choices. My stand remains that we need to take responsibility for the choices we made that enabled this monster, but I do appreciate the explanation of the how the players in this story can fit into more than one category at the same time. It’s a toxic, co-dependent relationship in which both sides feel they have to prop up its existence.
6 CHARACTERISTICS OF TRAUMA BONDING
1. Intermittent Reinforcement: The abuser may alternate between moments of kindness or affection and episodes of abuse or mistreatment. This inconsistency can create confusion and attachment to the abuser during moments of apparent affection.
2. Isolation: The abuser may isolate the victim from family and friends, making the abuser the primary source of emotional support and connection.
3. Survival Instinct: The victim may bond with the abuser as a survival mechanism. In some cases, this helps the victim cope with the abuse, as they believe maintaining the bond is necessary for their safety or well-being.
4. Guilt and Shame: Victims of trauma bonding often experience feelings of guilt and shame, which can further reinforce the connection to the abuser.
5. Dependency: Victims may become emotionally dependent on the abuser for validation and self-esteem, believing they are unworthy or incapable of finding better treatment elsewhere.
6. Fear of Abandonment: The victim may fear the consequences of leaving the abuser, such as retaliation or abandonment, which can discourage them from breaking the bond.
Don’t know if this helps shed some light for others, but I hope it does.